Prediabetes, diabetes prevention, and lifestyle interventions

Eating habits that do not too closely resemble the typical Western diet may be the most important protective factor in women at very high risk for type 2 diabetes, say researchers.

A pilot study suggests that patients may be more diligent attenders of the US National Diabetes Prevention Program if they first attend a pre-course session focused on the program’s goals and barriers to its attendance.

A pharmacist-led shared decision-making intervention significantly increases the uptake of lifestyle-change programs and metformin use in patients with prediabetes, results of the PRIDE study show.

A 6-year diet and exercise intervention significantly reduces the long-term risk for cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults with impaired glucose tolerance, research suggests.

The authors of the single diabetes-related Cochrane review published in December find moderate-quality evidence for the ability of diet plus exercise to ward off type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance.

Objectively measured physical activity is associated with a reduction in cardiometabolic risk markers among people with prediabetes, and the total time spent being active is at least as important as exercise intensity, researchers report.

A meta-analysis shows that although medications and lifestyle changes can both reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes in high-risk patients, only lifestyle modifications have a sustained effect.

A partnership between primary care and commercial weight management providers could help reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes among patients with hyperglycemia, UK study findings show.

People with higher levels of linoleic acid biomarkers have a reduced risk for type 2 diabetes than those with lower levels, whereas its metabolite arachidonic acid is not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes risk, study results suggest.

Research suggests that interspersing prolonged sitting with upper body exercise can help people with limited mobility or weight-bearing problems to limit their postprandial glycemic response.

Fatty acids derived from fish and consumed during breastfeeding may protect against the development of type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity, researchers report.

Fresh fruit consumption is associated with a reduced risk for diabetes, and a lower incidence of mortality and complications among those with diabetes, results of a large study suggest.

Liraglutide enhances the positive effects of lifestyle intervention on weight loss and glycemic control in patients with prediabetes, show the 3-year outcomes of the SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes trial.

Screening measures for prediabetes do not accurately identify people at risk for developing diabetes, so preventive interventions will have only a small impact, say the authors of a meta-analysis published in The BMJ.