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09-13-2018 | Pathophysiology | Review | Article

Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence?

Journal: Current Diabetes Reports

Authors: Antonio Sircana, Luciana Framarin, Nicola Leone, Mara Berrutti, Francesca Castellino, Renato Parente, Franco De Michieli, Elena Paschetta, Giovanni Musso

Publisher: Springer US

Abstract

Purpose of Review

In the last decade many studies have suggested an association between the altered gut microbiota and multiple systemic diseases including diabetes. In this review, we will discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms, the latest findings regarding the mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the results obtained with experimental modulation of microbiota.

Recent Findings

In T2D, gut dysbiosis contributes to onset and maintenance of insulin resistance. Different strategies that reduce dysbiosis can improve glycemic control.

Summary

Evidence in animals and humans reveals differences between the gut microbial composition in healthy individuals and those with T2D. Changes in the intestinal ecosystem could cause inflammation, alter intestinal permeability, and modulate metabolism of bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and metabolites that act synergistically on metabolic regulation systems contributing to insulin resistance. Interventions that restore equilibrium in the gut appear to have beneficial effects and improve glycemic control. Future research should examine in detail and in larger studies other possible pathophysiological mechanisms to identify specific pathways modulated by microbiota modulation and identify new potential therapeutic targets.

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Medicine Matters Diabetes

Altered Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes: Just a Coincidence?

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Recent Findings

Summary

New additions to the Adis Journal Club

ADA 2022 coverage