Thiazolidinediones (glitazones)

Allowing people to try out medications for type 2 diabetes and choose their preferred one is a viable approach in the absence of a clear clinical indication, say the TriMaster investigators.

People aged 60 years or older receiving thiazolidinedione monotherapy for type 2 diabetes may have a lower risk for dementia than those taking metformin monotherapy, an observational study suggests.

Findings from the TriMaster trial suggest that stratification of people with type 2 diabetes based on clinical features may help to guide the choice of second- or third-line drug for those who require treatment intensification after metformin.

A Mendelian analysis supports a causal effect of hyperglycemia on stroke risk, and the researchers also pinpoint the medications most likely to reduce this risk.

An individual patient data meta-analysis confirms the increased heart failure risk associated with rosiglitazone and lends some support to an elevated myocardial infarction risk.

An umbrella review of meta-analyses has demonstrated mixed associations between different glucose-lowering agents and cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes, with the results favoring sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists as cardioprotective agents.

Upfront treatment with medications that target the underlying pathophysiology of prediabetes may slow patients’ progression to type 2 diabetes, report researchers.

Researchers have used data from clinical practice and randomized trials to identify simple predictors of patient response to sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones.

Surgical treatment of severely obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes is associated with better glycemic control and a greater reduction in BMI than medical management, US researchers report.

A meta-analysis shows that although medications and lifestyle changes can both reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes in high-risk patients, only lifestyle modifications have a sustained effect.

Observational findings suggest that pioglitazone use may be associated with a reduced risk for gout among patients with diabetes.

 The TOCSA.IT investigators have found no differences in cardiovascular disease outcomes between patients with type 2 diabetes taking pioglitazone versus sulfonylurea over nearly 5 years.

Results of a randomized trial suggest that the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin has equivalent efficacy to pioglitazone for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

The SUSTAIN 2 findings show that the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog semaglutide produces better glycemic control than the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients achieving inadequate control with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both.

Results of a modeling study suggest that timely intensification of oral antidiabetic treatment is associated with a lower risk for complications but a higher risk for hypoglycemia compared with delayed treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Changes in adiponectin levels in adolescents with type 2 diabetes predict treatment response and may even underlie racial differences in treatment response, show data from the TODAY study.