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The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has risen dramatically over the past decades as obesity rates have increased in the United States. Recent estimates suggest that approximately 9 % of the U.S. population, or over 29 million Americans, have DM, with the great majority having Type 2 DM.1 While cardiovascular disease is known to be the leading cause of death among those with diabetes,2 there has been controversy as to whether prevalent diabetes portends the same risk for future cardiovascular events as prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD). Delineating diabetes as a CHD equivalent or a CHD risk factor is critical to improving the accuracy of cardiovascular risk prediction and in developing tailored risk reduction strategies.
Rana and colleagues analyzed electronic health record data from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system, which includes over 1.5 million members.3 This study demonstrated that the risk of a CHD event over a 10-year follow-up period was significantly lower for those with diabetes alone as compared to those with prior CHD; these findings appear to refute previous data showing that prevalent diabetes is a CHD equivalent.4 Most interestingly, those with diabetes for the longest duration, or for ten or more years in the cohort, had a similar risk of CHD events as those with CHD alone.
The findings are robust, given that much of the prior data examining diabetes as a CHD risk equivalent comes from meta-analyses with inherent methodologic limitations, and this study was done in a large, ethnically and racially diverse population from a real-world setting. Additionally, sex-stratified analyses of CHD event rates in this population help to identify whether CHD risk based on prevalent diabetes differs between men and women. One area for future work with this study cohort would be to evaluate differences in CHD event rates across racial and ethnic groups among those with diabetes and/or CHD as compared to those without either disease. Overall, these findings support the use of outcomes data from diverse patient populations for creating and refining cardiovascular risk prediction models, as was used in the creation of the 2013 ACC/AHA cardiovascular risk estimator.5
The author has no conflict with any of the material in this manuscript. Funding support for the author is provided by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; the National Institutes of Health; or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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Powell-Wiley, T.M. Capsule Commentary on Rana et al., Diabetes and Prior Coronary Heart Disease Are Not Necessarily Risk Equivalent for Future Coronary Heart Disease Events. J GEN INTERN MED 31, 413 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3605-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3605-6