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Weight gain since age of 20 as risk of metabolic syndrome even in non-overweight individuals

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Abstract

Purpose

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), regardless of the presence of obesity, is known as a risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Weight gain after age 20 reported to be associated with these diseases. Impact of the difference between the body mass index (BMI) at examination and BMI at age 20 (ΔBMIexa−20y) on MetS, especially in non-overweight individuals, remains to be elucidated.

Methods

We analyzed the data of 24,363 individuals (14,301 men and 10,062 women) in this cross-sectional study. The diagnosis of MetS was diagnosed when three or more of the following criteria were present: hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol level, and abdominal obesity. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for age, alcohol, smoking, exercise, and BMI at examination.

Results

Compared to the lowest ΔBMIexa−20y tertile (ΔBMIexa−20y < 1.2 kg/m2 in men and ≤0 kg/m2 in women), the highest tertile (ΔBMIexa−20y ≥ 3.2 kg/m2 in men and ≥2.0 kg/m2 in women) was associated with the risk of the presence of MetS (multivariate OR = 1.80, 95%CI 1.53–2.11, p < 0.001 in men and OR = 3.27, 95%CI 2.22–4.96, p < 0.001 in women). This result was also applicable in non-overweight individuals (multivariate OR = 2.06, 95%CI 1.46–2.92, p < 0.001 in men and OR = 2.49, 95%CI 1.40–4.64, p < 0.001 in women).

Conclusions

Our analyses showed that ΔBMIexa−20y is associated with the risk of the presence of MetS, even in non-overweight individuals. It is thus important to check weight changes from early adulthood, even in non-overweight individuals.

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Acknowledgements

We thank all of the staff members in the medical health checkup center at Murakami Memorial Hospital.

Author contributions

Y.H. designed and conducted the study, researched, analyzed, and interpreted the data, and wrote the manuscript; M.H. designed and conducted the study, researched and interpreted the data, and reviewed and edited the manuscript. T.F., A.O., and T.K. researched and interpreted the data, and reviewed the manuscript. M.F. designed and conducted the study, researched and interpreted the data, and reviewed the manuscript. All authors have approved the final draft submitted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan

    Yoshitaka Hashimoto, Takuya Fukuda & Michiaki Fukui

  2. Department of Diabetology, Kameoka Municipal Hospital, Kyoto, Japan

    Masahide Hamaguchi

  3. Department of Gastroenterology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan

    Akihiro Obora & Takao Kojima

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  1. Yoshitaka Hashimoto
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Correspondence to Masahide Hamaguchi.

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Conflict of Interest

M. Fukui has received grant and research support from AstraZeneca plc, Astellas Pharma Inc., Bristol–Myers Squibb K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Company Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Nippon Chemiphar Company Ltd., Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Terumo Co. The sponsors were not involved in the study design; in the collection, analysis, interpretation of data; in the writing of this manuscript; or in the decision to submit the article for publication. M. Fukui, his immediate families, and any research foundations with which they are affiliated have not received any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article. M. Fukui received no current funding for this study and this does not alter their adherence to all of the journal policies on sharing data and materials. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical Approval

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and an independent ethics committee.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Hashimoto, Y., Hamaguchi, M., Fukuda, T. et al. Weight gain since age of 20 as risk of metabolic syndrome even in non-overweight individuals. Endocrine 58, 253–261 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1411-5

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