Download PDF
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122(01): 55-59
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1361177
Article
© J. A. Barth Verlag in Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Blood ALDH1 and GST Activity in Diabetes Type 2 and its Correlation with Glycated Hemoglobin

J. Giebułtowicz
1   Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
,
S. Sołobodowska
1   Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
,
D. Bobilewicz
2   Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
,
P. Wroczyński
1   Department of Bioanalysis and Drugs Analysis, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 07 July 2013
first decision 14 November 2013

accepted 20 November 2013

Publication Date:
24 January 2014 (online)

Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress (OS) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the development of its complications. As one of the consequences of OS is increased lipid peroxidation (LP), the aim of our studies was to check, how the activity of 2 enzymes involved in the detoxification of aldehydes formed during LP, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH 1) is changed in patients suffering from DM.

GST and ALDH1A1 activities were determined in whole blood samples of DM type 2 patients (n=64) and healthy controls (n=60) using spectrophotometer (for GST activity) and fluorometer (for ALDH1 activity) and they were found to be significantly increased in diabetics when compared with healthy control (p<0.05). Intriguingly, grouping the DM patients on the basis of the glucose level and HbA1c revealed unusually low ALDH activity in the group of patients (n=16) with a relatively high level of these 2 parameters.

The increase of ALDH1A1 and GST activity in DM seems to be associated with the severity of the disease and might be a compensatory effect against oxidative stress. Surprisingly low ALDH activity in DM patients with relatively high glucose and HbA1c levels can be a factor predisposing to the development of diabetic complications.

Key words

diabetes - oxidative stress - aldehyde dehydrogenase - glutathione S-transferase
 

  • References

  • 1 Rathmann W, Giani G. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care 2004; 27: 2568-2569 author reply 9. PubMed PMID: 15451946. Epub 2004/09/29. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Rosen P, Nawroth PP, King G et al. The role of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of diabetes and its complications: a summary of a Congress Series sponsored by UNESCO-MCBN, the American Diabetes Association and the German Diabetes Society. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 2001; 17: 189-212 PubMed PMID: 11424232. Epub 2001/06/26. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Pillon NJ, Croze ML, Vella RE et al. The lipid peroxidation by-product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through both carbonyl and oxidative stress. Endocrinology 2012; 153: 2099-2111 PubMed PMID: 22396448. Epub 2012/03/08. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Slatter DA, Bolton CH, Bailey AJ. The importance of lipid-derived malondialdehyde in diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2000; 43: 550-557 PubMed PMID: 10855528. Epub 2000/06/16. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Yadav UC, Ramana KV. Regulation of NF-kappaB-Induced Inflammatory Signaling by Lipid Peroxidation-Derived Aldehydes. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity 2013; 2013: 690545 PubMed PMID: 23710287. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3654319. Epub 2013/05/28. eng
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Jerntorp P, Ohlin H, Almer LO. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and large vessel disease in diabetes mellitus. A preliminary study. Diabetes 1986; 35: 291-294 PubMed PMID: 3949078. Epub 1986/03/01. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Ohlin H, Helander A, Tottmar O et al. Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and vascular disease in type II diabetes – a comparison between 2 different assays for activity. Diabetes research (Edinburgh, Scotland) 1987; 6: 91-94 PubMed PMID: 3427870. Epub 1987/10/01. eng
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Kedziora-Kornatowska KZ, Luciak M, Blaszczyk J et al. Lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes with or without diabetic nephropathy. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation: official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association – European Renal Association 1998; 13: 2829-2832 PubMed PMID: 9829486. Epub 1998/11/26. eng
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Nwose EU, Jelinek HF, Richards RS et al. Changes in the erythrocyte glutathione concentration in the course of diabetes mellitus. Redox report: communications in free radical research 2006; 11: 99-104 PubMed PMID: 16805963. Epub 2006/06/30. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Velladath SU, Kumar R. Erythrocyte Glutathione-S-transferase Activity in Diabetics and its Association with HBA1c. WebmedCentral CLIN BIOCHEM 2011; 2
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Ohlin H, Jerntorp P, Brattstrom L et al. Altered metabolism of acetaldehyde in blood is not a specific marker of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetes research (Edinburgh, Scotland) 1991; 16: 75-79 PubMed PMID: 1817808. Epub 1991/02/01. eng
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Salazar Vazquez BY, Salazar Vazquez MA, Venzor VC et al. Increased hematocrit and reduced blood pressure following control of glycemia in diabetes. Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation 2008; 38: 57-64 PubMed PMID: 18094460. Epub 2007/12/21. eng
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Bray GA, Edelstein SL, Crandall JP et al. Long-term safety, tolerability, and weight loss associated with metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes care 2012; 35: 731-737 PubMed PMID: 22442396. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3308305. Epub 2012/03/24. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Wu KC, Cui JY, Klaassen CD. Effect of graded Nrf2 activation on phase-I and -II drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in mouse liver. PloS one 2012; 7: e39006 PubMed PMID: 22808024. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC3395627. Epub 2012/07/19. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Morceau F, Duvoix A, Delhalle S et al. Regulation of glutathione S-transferase P1-1 gene expression by NF-kappaB in tumor necrosis factor alpha-treated K562 leukemia cells. Biochemical pharmacology 2004; 67: 1227-1238 PubMed PMID: 15013838. Epub 2004/03/12. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Godbout R, Monckton EA. Differential regulation of the aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene in embryonic chick retina and liver. The Journal of biological chemistry 2001; 276: 32896-32904 PubMed PMID: 11438538. Epub 2001/07/05. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Marchitti SA, Brocker C, Stagos D et al. Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology 2008; 4: 697-720 PubMed PMID: 18611112. Pubmed Central PMCID: PMC2658643. Epub 2008/07/10. eng.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 O’Brien PJ, Siraki AG, Shangari N. Aldehyde sources, metabolism, molecular toxicity mechanisms, and possible effects on human health. Critical reviews in toxicology 2005; 35: 609-662 PubMed PMID: 16417045. Epub 2006/01/19. eng
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Singh M, Shin S. Changes in erythrocyte aggregation and deformability in diabetes mellitus: a brief review. Indian journal of experimental biology 2009; 47: 7-15 PubMed PMID: 19317346. Epub 2009/03/26. eng
    PubMedGoogle Scholar