Obesity and lifestyle interventions

The 5-year DiRECT results show sustained type 2 diabetes remission for 13% of the intervention group.

Restricting fast-day eating to the morning has a positive effect on postprandial glucose versus standard calorie restriction among people at increased risk for type 2 diabetes who are trying to lose weight, a study shows.

There is a “substantial” burden of overweight and obesity among people with type 1 diabetes, say US researchers who found rates to be in line with that of the general population.

A randomized trial reveals benefits of intermittent fasting, without an increased risk for severe hypoglycemia, in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.

Randomized trial findings show reduced glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight in people with type 2 diabetes following a calorie-unrestricted low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet versus a high-carbohydrate, low-fat approach.

The findings of the ReTUNE study show that losing a substantial amount of weight can reverse type 2 diabetes even in people who are only mildly overweight.

People with mild-to-moderate obesity who undergo minimally invasive endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty in addition to lifestyle intervention achieve greater weight loss and metabolic improvements than those undergoing lifestyle modification alone, show the MERIT trial results.

A randomized trial in The New England Journal of Medicine shows no benefit of adding time-restricted eating to 12 months of calorie reduction in people with obesity.

Many participants of DiRECT found reintroduction of food and subsequent weight-loss maintenance to be more challenging than the 800 calorie total meal replacement phase, the investigators report.

Outwardly lean people who have type 2 diabetes have increased intra-organ fat, reductions in which occur in line with weight loss-induced diabetes remission, say researchers.

Divergent changes in brain activity after bariatric surgery versus a very-low-calorie diet may help explain why people are more likely to regain weight after the latter intervention, a study suggests.

Blood pressure falls markedly when people with type 2 diabetes undertake a very-low-calorie diet, and immediate withdrawal of antihypertensive medications has few ill effects, say the DiRECT investigators.

A randomized trial supports giving people with obesity liraglutide to maintain weight loss after an 8-week diet, particularly if it is combined with regular vigorous exercise.

Women naturally have lower levels of hepatic and pancreatic fat than men, but having type 2 diabetes removes this advantage and confers a relatively larger increase in cardiovascular risk, show further data from DiRECT.

Add-on treatment with subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg produces a marked increase in weight loss for people without diabetes undertaking an intensive lifestyle intervention to combat obesity, report the STEP 3 investigators in JAMA.

A systematic review and meta-analysis highlights a potential increase in the likelihood of achieving type 2 diabetes remission on a low- or very-low-carbohydrate diet, but based on evidence of moderate or low quality.

Ghrelin is the only appetite-related hormone that predicted weight regain among the participants of the DiRECT trial, say the researchers.

People with type 2 diabetes have around a fourfold increased risk for heart disease relative to those without, but having a healthy lifestyle may lessen this risk, researchers report.

The risk for heart failure falls significantly with reductions in fat mass and waist circumference in overweight or obese people with type 2 diabetes, shows an analysis of data from the Look AHEAD trial.

Sustained remission of type 2 diabetes in DiRECT was accompanied by normalization of pancreatic morphology, say the researchers.