Regular Consumption of Dark Chocolate Is Associated with Low Serum Concentrations of C-Reactive Protein in a Healthy Italian Population12
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Supported by the Moli-sani Project, which is supported by research grants from Pfizer Foundation (Rome, Italy), the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Rome, Italy)-Programma Triennale di Ricerca, Decreto no. 1588, and the Instrumentation Laboratory (Milan, Italy).
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Author disclosures: R. di Giuseppe, A. Di Castelnuovo, F. Centritto, F. Zito, A. De Curtis, S. Costanzo, B. Vohnout, S. Sieri, V. Krogh, M. B. Donati, G. de Gaetano, and L. Iacoviello, no conflicts of interest.
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Foods were grouped as follows (9): cereals (pasta and other grain, rice, bread, crispbread, rusks, salty biscuits, aperitifs biscuits, crackers, pizza); potatoes; legumes (peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas); vegetables raw and cooked (tomatoes, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprout, carrot, beet root, beet, spinach, mushroom, pumpkin, squash, eggplant, lettuce, fennel, celery, capsicum, onion, garlic, mixed vegetables, soups, bouillon); fruits (apple, pear, banana, kiwi, grape, orange, tangerine, peach, apricot, prune, strawberry, fig, kaki, cherry, yellow melon); nuts and seeds; fish (shellfish, mollusk, tuna, cod, and other fish); meats (beef, veal, hamburger, pork, sausage, mutton, lamb, goat, game, horse, rabbit, chicken, turkey, offal, processed meat); low-, medium-, and high-fat dairy products; sweets (candies, sugar, honey, jam, Nutella, cakes, pies, pastries, puddings, dry cakes, biscuits); vegetable oils (olive oil, seed oils); fats (butter, margarine, other animal fat, mayonnaise, etc.); coffee, tea, alcoholic beverages (white, red, and rosé wine, beer, spirits); sweet beverages (fruit juices, carbonated/soft/isotonic drinks, diluted syrups).