Original articleThe 25-Year Incidence of Visual Impairment in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
Section snippets
Patients and Methods
Case identification methods and descriptions of the population have appeared in previous reports.5, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Briefly, the study area consisted of 11 counties in southern Wisconsin. From July 1, 1979, through June 30, 1980, 10 135 persons with diabetes were identified in the practices of 452 of 457 primary care physicians in the area. A 2-part sample of 2990 of these persons was invited to participate in the baseline examination from 1980 through 1982. The first part
Results
Nine hundred ninety-five participants contributed 3719 participant-visits for the analysis of the incidence of VI. Characteristics of the cohort have been described in detail elsewhere.5, 7, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 For the 482 participants in the 2005 through 2007 examination, the baseline values of characteristics were: mean age, 24.9±9.3 years; mean duration of diabetes, 10.7±7.1 years; mean HbA1, 10.5±2.0%; mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, 118.4±14.0 mmHg and 77.0±10.6
Discussion
The data reported herein provide unique population-based information regarding the 25-year cumulative rates of VI and change in vision and their relationships to retinopathy severity, cataract, glycemia, blood pressure, smoking, and other factors in persons with T1DM. The overall 25-year incidence of any VI (13%) and doubling of the visual angle (15%) were high, and the strongest most consistent relationships were with glycemia, retinopathy severity, cataract, and smoking.
There are few other
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Cited by (0)
Manuscript no. 2009-220.
Financial Disclosure(s): The author(s) have made the following disclosure(s):
Ronald Klein - Consultant - Astra-Zeneca, Lilly, and Pfizer.
The other authors do not have any financial disclosures.
Supported by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (grant nos.: EY03083 and EY016379 [RK, BEK]); and, in part, by Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York, New York (RK and BEKK, Senior Scientific Investigator Awards). The National Eye Institute provided funding for the entire study, including collection and analyses and of data; Research to Prevent Blindness provided further additional support for data analyses.