Medical Progress
The global spread of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents

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Methods

The Medline database and Cochrane Library online were searched for articles on T2DM in children and adolescents published between September 1978 and May 2004 in all languages. Searches were performed by using the following key words alone and in combination: non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, children, adolescents, and youth. A total of 1902 publications were identified; however, only 110 contained epidemiologic data on T2DM in children and adolescents, including

Results

The apparent prevalence and incidence of T2DM determined from population-based studies in specific countries or regions are presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively. The percentages of new cases of diabetes in children and adolescents reported to have T2DM are presented in Figure 3.

The recent recognition of T2DM in children and the recent proliferation of reports in the literature from around the world is illustrated by the number of publication included in our report: Before 1990,

Discussion

This review confirms the rise over the last two decades in the global recognition and report of T2DM in children and adolescents. Historically, the first cases were reported in 1979 and 1984 among Native Americans and Canadian First Nation People, who were regarded as homogenous groups with a genetic susceptibility to T2DM. The second wave of reports appeared in the mid-1990s and involved predominately ethnic minorities, namely blacks and Hispanic Americans and some white populations in the

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