CommentariesReduction in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial: A critical analysis
Section snippets
Disclosure of interest
No sources of funding were used to assist in the preparation of this manuscript. The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
A.J. Scheen has received lecture/advisor fees from AstraZeneca/BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi and Takeda.
References (46)
- et al.
Effects of glucose-lowering agents on vascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a critical reappraisal
Diabetes Metab
(2014) - et al.
Metformin revisited: a critical review of the benefit-risk balance in at-risk patients with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes Metab
(2013) - et al.
Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events): a randomised controlled trial
Lancet
(2005) - et al.
Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with atorvastatin in type 2 diabetes in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS) multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial
Lancet
(2004) - et al.
Long-term effect of diuretic-based therapy on fatal outcomes in subjects with isolated systolic hypertension with and without diabetes
Am J Cardiol
(2005) - et al.
Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial
Lancet
(2007) - et al.
Baseline serum uric acid level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease related mortality and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Atherosclerosis
(2013) - et al.
Understanding EMPA-REG OUTCOME
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
(2015) - et al.
Antidiabetic agents: potential anti-inflammatory activity beyond glucose control
Diabetes Metab
(2015) - et al.
Metabolic effects SGLT2 inhibitors beyond increased glucosuria: a review of clinical evidence
Diabetes Metab
(2014)
Understanding EMPA-REG OUTCOME
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol
ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: the Task Force on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and developed in collaboration with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Eur Heart J
Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
N Engl J Med
Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes
N Engl J Med
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor
Clin Pharmacokinet
Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes
N Engl J Med
SGLT-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: proposed pathways and review of ongoing outcome trials
Diab Vasc Dis Res
Pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Drugs
Dapagliflozin a glucose-regulating drug with diuretic properties in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Diabetes Obes Metab
Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
Lancet
Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group
Lancet
Saxagliptin and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
N Engl J Med
Alogliptin after acute coronary syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes
N Engl J Med
Cited by (55)
Possible mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors
2019, Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases SupplementsEffects of glucose-lowering agents on surrogate endpoints and hard clinical renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes
2019, Diabetes and MetabolismCitation Excerpt :SGLT2is exert their glucose-lowering effects by promoting glucosuria, an effect that also results in body-weight and fat-mass reductions. In addition to these effects, they increase natriuresis and osmotic diuresis, thereby lowering arterial blood pressure and plasma overload [107], all factors that may contribute to better CV and renal outcomes and rates of mortality [108]. In addition, switching from low-dose thiazide diuretics to SGLT2is has improved various metabolic parameters (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, serum uric acid, BMI, visceral fat area) without affecting blood pressure in patients with T2DM and hypertension [109].
Cardiovascular and renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors: Protective mechanisms
2019, Medecine des Maladies MetaboliquesCardiovascular outcome trials in patients at high risk with type 2 diabetes: Conclusions and impact of studies published in 2017-2018
2019, Medecine des Maladies MetaboliquesCardiovascular outcome studies in type 2 diabetes: Comparison between SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists
2018, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice