I searched PubMed by matching “wound healing” and “wounds” with the search terms “keratinocytes”, “diabetes”, “hemidesmosomes”, “integrins”, “MMPs”, “contraction”, “neuropathic ulcers”, “gene therapy”, “stem cell therapy”, “growth factors”, “tissue engineering”. I mainly selected publications from the past 6 years. Relevant articles and book chapters were also included. No restriction was applied on language of publication.
ReviewWound healing and its impairment in the diabetic foot
Section snippets
Basic aspects of normal wound healing
The type, size, and depth of cutaneous injury have important implications for events at the cellular and molecular level. Scalpel injury (ie, after surgical procedures) causes less overall and diffuse tissue damage than burns or radiation, can be primarily closed (by suture), and generally results in less scarring. Small and superficial cutaneous defects can resurface mainly by epidermal migration, and do not have to rely on actual keratinocyte proliferation and its more substantial lag time
Impaired healing: the diabetic ulcer
The linear progression paradigm for normal wound healing shown in figure 1 has been highly valuable in understanding the basic biology of tissue repair. However, one should not oversimplify. Even during the normal process of wound healing complications can occur, including infection, thrombosis, and ischaemia. Also, lessons learned from experimental models, on which figure 1 and the previous discussion are based, cannot be completely extrapolated to the situation encountered in diabetic wounds.
Search strategy and selection criteria
References (72)
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