Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Recent development of single preparations and fixed-dose combination tablets for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

A comprehensive summary for antidiabetic drugs

  • Review
  • Published:
Archives of Pharmacal Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

As a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) has become a major threat to human health. Because of the heterogeneous and progressive disorders induced by insulin resistance and pancreatic b-cell dysfunction, the treatment of NIDDM is still challenging. Although antidiabetic drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms of action have been used clinically, different degrees of undesirable glucose control and the incidences of a variety of side effects, including hypoglycemia, cardiovascular complications and weight gain require the better treatment options. This article has overviewed the current literature about commercially available antidiabetic drugs with different pharmacological mechanisms of action in the treatment of NIDDM, and summarized the published data regarding the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of currently available single preparations and fixed-dose combinations, aiming to provide important information for the development and application of antidiabetic drugs in the future. The literature search from 1989 to 2015 was conducted by PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, American Diabetes Association, and U.S. FDA Drugs databases.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aroda VR, Ratner R (2011) The safety and tolerability of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 27:528–542

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aschner P, Katzeff HL, Guo H, Sunga S, Williams-Herman D, Kaufman KD, Goldstein BJ (2010) Efficacy and safety of monotherapy of sitagliptin compared with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 12:252–261

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Association AD (2014a) Executive summary: standards of medical care in diabetes-2014. Diabetes Care 37:S5–S13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Association AD (2014b) Standards of medical care in diabetes-2014. Diabetes Care 37:S14–S80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AstraZeneca UK Limited (2014) Forxiga 5 mg & 10 mg film coated tablets. https://medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/27188. Accessed 15 Oct 2014

  • Baetta R, Corsini A (2011) Pharmacology of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: similarities and differences. Drugs 71:1441–1467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell DS (2006) Do sulfonylurea drugs increase the risk of cardiac events? Can Med Assoc J 174:185–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bell DS (2013) Combine and conquer: advantages and disadvantages of fixed-dose combination therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 15:291–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bell DS, Dharmalingam M, Kumar S, Sawakhande RB (2011) Triple oral fixed-dose diabetes polypill versus insulin plus metformin efficacy demonstration study in the treatment of advanced type 2 diabetes (TrIED study-II). Diabetes Obes Metab 13:800–805

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Benford M, Milligan G, Pike J, Anderson P, Piercy J, Fermer S (2012) Fixed-dose combination antidiabetic therapy: real-world factors associated with prescribing choices and relationship with patient satisfaction and compliance. Adv Ther 29:26–40

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bottomley JM, Raymond FD (2007) Pharmaco-economic issues for diabetes therapy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 21:657–685

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burki TK (2012) FDA rejects novel diabetes drug over safety fears. Lancet 379:507

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buse JB, DeFronzo RA, Rosenstock J, Kim T, Burns C, Skare S, Baron A, Fineman M (2016) The primary glucose-lowering effect of metformin resides in the gut, not the circulation: results from short-term pharmacokinetic and 12-week dose-ranging studies. Diabetes Care 39:198–205

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheong C, Barner JC, Lawson KA, Johnsrud MT (2008) Patient adherence and reimbursement amount for antidiabetic fixed-dose combination products compared with dual therapy among Texas Medicaid recipients. Clin Ther 30:1893–1907

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho YM, Kieffer TJ (2011) New aspects of an old drug: metformin as a glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) enhancer and sensitiser. Diabetologia 54:219–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chou HS, Palmer JP, Jones AR, Waterhouse B, Ferreira-Cornwell C, Krebs J, Goldstein BJ (2008) Initial treatment with fixed-dose combination rosiglitazone/glimepiride in patients with previously untreated type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 10:626–637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Consoli A, Formoso G (2013) Do thiazolidinediones still have a role in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Diabetes Obes Metab 15:967–977

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Culy CR, Jarvis B (2001) Repaglinide: a review of its therapeutic use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 61:1625–1660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Derosa G (2011) Pioglitazone is a valid alternative to rosiglitazone. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 11:357–362

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn CJ, Peters DH (1995) Metformin: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs 49:721–749

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elkinson S, Scott L (2013) Canagliflozin: first global approval. Drugs 73:979–988

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • El-Mir MY, Nogueira V, Fontaine E, Avéret N, Rigoulet M, Leverve X (2000) Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I. J Biol Chem 275:223–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fisman EZ, Tenenbaum A, Boyko V, Benderly M, Adler Y, Friedensohn A, Kohanovski M, Rotzak R, Schneider H, Behar S, Motro M (2001) Oral antidiabetic treatment in patients with coronary disease: time-related increased mortality on combined glyburide/metformin therapy over a 7.7-year follow-up. Clin Cardiol 24:151–158

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garber AJ, Larsen J, Schneider SH, Piper BA, Henry D (2002) Simultaneous glyburide/metformin therapy is superior to component monotherapy as an initial pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 4:201–208

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garber A, Henry R, Ratner R, Garcia-Hernandez PA, Rodriguez-Pattzi H, Olvera-Alvarez I, Hale PM, Zdravkovic M, Bode B (2009) Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet 373:473–481

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giugliano D, Maiorino MI, Bellastella G, Chiodini P, Ceriello A, Esposito K (2011) Efficacy of insulin analogs in achieving the hemoglobin A1c target of <7% in type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 34:510–517

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • GlaxoSmithKline (2014) A comparison of atorvastatin and glimepiride fixed dose combination and atorvastatin and glimepiride loose combination in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01495013?term=glimepiride%2Fatorvastatin&rank=1. Accessed Jan 2014

  • Goldstein BJ, Pans M, Rubin CJ (2003) Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, parallel-group assessment of simultaneous glipizide/metformin as second-line pharmacologic treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is inadequately controlled by a sulfonylurea. Clin Ther 25:890–903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Ortiz M, Guerrero-Romero JF, Violante-Ortiz R, Wacher-Rodarte N, Martinez-Abundis E, Aguilar-Salinas C, Islas-Andrade S, Arechavaleta-Granell R, Gonzalez-Canudas J, Rodriguez-Moran M, Zavala-Suarez E, Ramos-Zavala MG, Metha R, Revilla-Monsalve C, Beltran-Jaramillo TJ (2009) Efficacy of glimepiride/metformin combination versus glibenclamide/metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat 23:376–379

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodarzi MO, Bryer-Ash M (2005) Metformin revisited: re-evaluation of its properties and role in the pharmacopoeia of modern antidiabetic agents. Diabetes Obes Metab 7:654–665

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Halimi S, Le Berre MA, Grange V (2000) Efficacy and safety of acarbose add-on therapy in the treatment of overweight patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 50:49–56

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan FM, Alsahli M, Gerich JE (2014) SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 104:297–322

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Henry RR, Murray AV, Marmolejo MH, Hennicken D, Ptaszynska A, List JF (2012) Dapagliflozin, metformin XR, or both: initial pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes, a randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 66:446–456

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu FB (2011) Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. Diabetes Care 34:1249–1257

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Johnsson KM, Ptaszynska A, Schmitz B, Sugg J, Parikh SJ, List JF (2013) Vulvovaginitis and balanitis in patients with diabetes treated with dapagliflozin. J Diabetes Complicat 27:479–484

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kaku K, Inoue S, Matsuoka O, Kiyosue A, Azuma H, Hayashi N, Tokudome T, Langkilde AM, Parikh S (2013) Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as a monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese patients with inadequate glycaemic control: a phase II multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 15:432–440

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kalra S (2014) Insulin degludec aspart: the first co-formulation of insulin analogues. Diabetes Ther 5:65–72

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kaul S, Diamond GA (2011) Is there clear and convincing evidence of cardiovascular risk with rosiglitazone? Clin Pharmacol Ther 89:773–776

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kawamori R, Matsuhisa M, Kinoshita J, Mochizuki K, Niwa M, Arisaka T, Ikeda M, Kubota M, Wada M, Kanda T, Ikebuchi M, Tohdo R, Yamasaki Y (1998) Pioglitazone enhances splanchnic glucose uptake as well as peripheral glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AD-4833 Clamp-OGL Study Group. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 41:35–43

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ (2005) Oral antidiabetic agents: current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 65:385–411

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamanna C, Monami M, Marchionni N, Mannucci E (2011) Effect of metformin on cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Obes Metab 13:221–228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landgraf R, Bilo HJG, Müller PG (1999) A comparison of repaglinide and glibenclamide in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients previously treated with sulphonylureas. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55:165–171

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lau DT, Nau DP (2004) Oral antihyperglycemic medication nonadherence and subsequent hospitalization among individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 27:2149–2153

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YJ, Han HJ (2007) Regulatory mechanisms of Na(+)/glucose cotransporters in renal proximal tubule cells. Kidney Int 72(Suppl):S27–S35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee H, Ko G (2014) Effect of metformin on metabolic improvement and gut microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 80:5935–5943

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leroux-Stewart J, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Chiasson J-L (2015) α-Glucosidase inhibitors. In: DeFronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Zimmet P, George K (eds) International textbook of diabetes mellitus, 4th edn. Wiley, New Jersey, pp 673–685

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • List JF, Woo V, Morales E, Tang W, Fiedorek FT (2009) Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:650–657

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Hong T (2014) Combination therapy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and metformin in type 2 diabetes: rationale and evidence. Diabetes Obes Metab 16:111–117

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Luk AOY, Lau ESH, So W-Y, Ma RCW, Kong APS, Ozaki R, Chow FCC, Chan JCN (2014) Prospective study on the incidences of cardiovascular-renal complications in Chinese patients with young-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37:149–157

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madiraju AK, Erion DM, Rahimi Y, Zhang XM, Braddock DT, Albright RA, Prigaro BJ, Wood JL, Bhanot S, Macdonald MJ, Jurczak MJ, Camporez JP, Lee HY, Cline GW, Samuel VT, Kibbey RG, Shulman GI (2014) Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Nature 510:542–546

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Meier JJ, Nauck MA (2005) Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in biology and pathology. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 21:91–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer C, Woerle HJ, Dostou JM, Welle SL, Gerich JE (2004) Abnormal renal, hepatic, and muscle glucose metabolism following glucose ingestion in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E1049–E1056

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RA, Chu Q, Xie J, Foretz M, Viollet B, Birnbaum MJ (2013) Biguanides suppress hepatic glucagon signalling by decreasing production of cyclic AMP. Nature 494:25–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mohan V, Yang W, Son HY, Xu L, Noble L, Langdon RB, Amatruda JM, Stein PP, Kaufman KD (2009) Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes in China, India, and Korea. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 83:106–116

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mulherin AJ, Oh AH, Kim H, Grieco A, Lauffer LM, Brubaker PL (2011) Mechanisms underlying metformin-induced secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 from the intestinal L cell. Endocrinology 152:4610–4619

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nauck M, Frid A, Hermansen K, Shah NS, Tankova T, Mitha IH, Zdravkovic M, During M, Matthews DR (2009) Efficacy and safety comparison of liraglutide, glimepiride, and placebo, all in combination with metformin, in type 2 diabetes: the LEAD (liraglutide effect and action in diabetes)-2 study. Diabetes Care 32:84–90

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nissen SE, Wolski K (2007) Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 356:2457–2471

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odawara M, Kadowaki T, Tajima N, Nishii M, Taniguchi T, Arjona Ferreira J (2011) Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Int 2:94–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozbek M, Erdogan M, Karadeniz M, Cetinkalp S, Ozgen AG, Saygili F, Yilmaz C, Tuzun M (2006) Preprandial repaglinide decreases exogenous insulin requirements and HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetic patients taking intensive insulin treatment. Acta Diabetol 43:148–151

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pan F, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM (2008) Impact of fixed-dose combination drugs on adherence to prescription medications. J Gen Intern Med 23:611–614

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pandit V, Pai RS, Yadav V, Devi K, Surekha BB, Inamdar MN, Suresh S (2013) Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of floating microspheres of metformin hydrochloride. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 39:117–127

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parris ES, Lawrence DB, Mohn LA, Long LB (2005) Adherence to statin therapy and LDL cholesterol goal attainment by patients with diabetes and dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 28:595–599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paternostro-Bayles M, Wing RR, Robertson RJ (1989) Effect of life-style activity of varying duration on glycemic control in type II diabetic women. Diabetes Care 12:34–37

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perez A, Zhao Z, Jacks R, Spanheimer R (2009) Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with pioglitazone and metformin monotherapy in treating patients with T2DM. Curr Med Res Opin 25:2915–2923

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-Monteverde A, Seck T, Xu L, Lee MA, Sisk CM, Williams-Herman DE, Engel SS, Kaufman KD, Goldstein BJ (2011) Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin vs. pioglitazone in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Clin Pract 65:930–938

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Perry C (2011) Liraglutide. Drugs 71:2347–2373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pickup JC, Renard E (2008) Long-acting insulin analogs versus insulin pump therapy for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 31(Suppl 2):140–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plosker G (2012) Dapagliflozin. Drugs 72:2289–2312

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poole RM, Nowlan ML (2014) Albiglutide: first global approval. Drugs 74:929–938

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pratley RE, Fleck P, Wilson C (2014) Efficacy and safety of initial combination therapy with alogliptin plus metformin versus either as monotherapy in drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, 6-month study. Diabetes Obes Metab 16:613–621

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahmoune H, Thompson PW, Ward JM, Smith CD, Hong G, Brown J (2005) Glucose transporters in human renal proximal tubular cells isolated from the urine of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes 54:3427–3434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao AD, Kuhadiya N, Reynolds K, Fonseca VA (2008) Is the combination of sulfonylureas and metformin associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality?: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Diabetes Care 31:1672–1678

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin P, Lewin A, Reinhardt R, Lyness W (2009a) Twice-daily and three-times-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin fixed-dose combination tablet provide similar glycaemic control. Diabetes Obes Metab 11:947–952

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Raskin P, Lewin A, Reinhardt R, Lyness W (2009b) Twice-daily dosing of a repaglinide/metformin fixed-dose combination tablet provides glycaemic control comparable to rosiglitazone/metformin tablet. Diabetes Obes Metab 11:865–873

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reasner C, Olansky L, Seck TL, Williams-Herman DE, Chen M, Terranella L, Johnson-Levonas AO, Kaufman KD, Goldstein BJ (2011) The effect of initial therapy with the fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin and metformin compared with metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 13:644–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rendell M (2004) The role of sulphonylureas in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 64:1339–1358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodbard HW, Jellinger PS, Davidson JA, Einhorn D, Garber AJ, Grunberger G, Handelsman Y, Horton ES, Lebovitz H, Levy P, Moghissi ES, Schwartz SS (2009) Statement by an American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology consensus panel on type 2 diabetes mellitus: an algorithm for glycemic control. Endocr Pract 15:540–559

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenstock J, Rood J, Cobitz A, Biswas N, Chou H, Garber A (2006) Initial treatment with rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination therapy compared with monotherapy with either rosiglitazone or metformin in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 8:650–660

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanford M (2014) Dulaglutide: first global approval. Drugs 74:2097–2103

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanofi (2014) Efficacy and Safety of the Fixed Dose Combination of Glimepiride + Metformin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Inadequately Controlled (LEGEND). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01699932?term=glimepiride%2Fmetformin&rank=12. Accessed May 2014

  • Scheen AJ (1997) Drug treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the 1990’s. Drugs 54:355–368

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheen AJ (2012) DPP-4 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes: a critical review of head-to-head trials. Diabetes Metab 38:89–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheen AJ, Lefebvre PJ (1998) Oral antidiabetic agents. A guide to selection. Drugs 55:225–236

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider SH, Khachadurian AK, Amorosa LF, Clemow L, Ruderman NB (1992) Ten-year experience with an exercise-based outpatient life-style modification program in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 15:1800–1810

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah M, Chandalia M, Adams-Huet B, Brinkley LJ, Sakhaee K, Grundy SM, Garg A (2009) Effect of a high-fiber diet compared with a moderate-fiber diet on calcium and other mineral balances in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32:990–995

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw RJ, Lamia KA, Vasquez D, Koo SH, Bardeesy N, Depinho RA, Montminy M, Cantley LC (2005) The kinase LKB1 mediates glucose homeostasis in liver and therapeutic effects of metformin. Science 310:1642–1646

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Singh-Franco D (2015) Potential for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor single-pill combinations. Expert Rev End Metab 10:305–317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Solun B, Marcoviciu D, Dicker D (2013) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and their effects on the cardiovascular system. Curr Cardio Rep 15:382

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sripalakit P, Maphanta S, Neamhom P, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Polnok S, Yokubol D (2007) Comparative study on the bioequivalence of two formulations of pioglitazone tablet in healthy Thai male volunteers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 33:1362–1368

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steffes MW, Sibley S, Jackson M, Thomas W (2003) β-Cell function and the development of diabetes-related complications in the diabetes control and complications Trial. Diabetes Care 26:832–836

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SI, Kadowaki T, Kadowaki H, Accili D, Cama A, Mckeon C (1990) Mutations in insulin-receptor gene in insulin-resistant patients. Diabetes Care 13:257–279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thule PM, Umpierrez G (2014) Sulfonylureas: a new look at old therapy. Curr Diab Rep 14:473

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van De Laar FA, Lucassen PL, Akkermans RP, Van De Lisdonk EH, Rutten GE, Van Weel C (2005) Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for patients with type 2 diabetes: results from a cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 28:154–163

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang JS, Huang CN, Hung YJ, Kwok CF, Sun JH, Pei D, Yang CY, Chen CC, Lin CL, Sheu WH (2013) Acarbose plus metformin fixed-dose combination outperforms acarbose monotherapy for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 102:16–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wiernsperger N, Bailey C (1999) The antihyperglycaemic effect of metformin: therapeutic and cellular mechanisms. Drugs 58:31–39

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H (2004) Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 27:1047–1053

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yki-Järvinen H (2004) Thiazolidinediones. N Engl J Med 351:1106–1118

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou G, Myers R, Li Y, Chen Y, Shen X, Fenyk-Melody J, Wu M, Ventre J, Doebber T, Fujii N, Musi N, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Moller DE (2001) Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J Clin Invest 108:1167–1174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Young Teachers’ Scientific Research Foundation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (No. QNJJ2014503), China.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Jianwen Li & He Lian

  2. GE Healthcare, No. 1, Huatuo Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, 210203, China

    Jianwen Li

  3. School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China

    He Lian

Authors
  1. Jianwen Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. He Lian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to He Lian.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, J., Lian, H. Recent development of single preparations and fixed-dose combination tablets for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch. Pharm. Res. 39, 731–746 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0762-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-016-0762-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation