Abstract
Background
The number of patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy resulting in end-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide. In clinical settings, there are limited data regarding the impact of the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on renal and cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality.
Methods
We performed a historical cohort study of 4328 Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes from 10 centers. Risks for renal events (requirement for dialysis or transplantation, or half reduction in eGFR), cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke), and all-cause mortality were assessed according to UACR and eGFR levels.
Results
During follow-up (median 7.0 years, interquartile range 3.0–8.0 years), 419 renal events, 605 cardiovascular events and 236 deaths occurred. The UACR levels increased the risk and the adjusted hazard ratios for these three events. In addition to the effects of UACR levels, eGFR stages significantly increased the adjusted hazard ratios for renal events and all-cause mortality, especially in patients with macroalbuminuria. Diabetic nephropathy score, based on the prognostic factors, well predicted incidence rates per 1000 patient/year for each event.
Conclusions
Increased UACR levels were closely related to the increase in risks for renal, cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas the association between high levels of UACR and reduced eGFR was a strong predictor for renal events.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Yukinari Yamaguchi (Nara Medical University), Dr. Mitsuhiro Yoshimura (Noto General Hospital), and Miyuki Murakami (Kanazawa University) for supporting this study. This study was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Diabetic Nephropathy Research and for Diabetic Nephropathy and Nephrosclerosis Research, from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan and by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Japan.
Conflict of interest
H. Makino is a consultant for AbbVie, Astellas and Teijin, receives speaker honoraria from Astellas, MSD, Takeda, and Tanabe Mitsubishi, and receives grant support from Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Dainippon Sumitomo, MSD, Novo Nodisk and Takeda.
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Wada, T., Haneda, M., Furuichi, K. et al. Clinical impact of albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate on renal and cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes . Clin Exp Nephrol 18, 613–620 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0879-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-013-0879-4