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Epidemiology of Fractures in Diabetes

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of fracture. The risk of a hip fracture is up to sevenfold increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and about 1.3-fold increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, these relative risk estimates may depend on the age and gender distribution of the population in question. Bone mineral density and the fracture risk assessment tool do not explain the increased fracture risk in patients with diabetes. Shared risk factors as pancreatitis, alcohol use, smoking and oral glucocorticoids may influence the observed fracture risk in patients with diabetes. This review examines the association between diabetes and fracture and attempts to disentangle the tight connection between diabetes per se, diabetes-related complications, comorbidities and shared risk factors. This is of great importance as the number of diabetes patients’ increases with growing and aging populations and putting even more at risk of fracture.

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Acknowledgments

Morten Frost was supported by a grant from the Danish Council for Independent Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark

    Jakob Starup-Linde

  2. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark

    Jakob Starup-Linde & Peter Vestergaard

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 6, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Morten Frost

  4. Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Mølleparkvej 4, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark

    Peter Vestergaard

  5. Department of Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, 4300, Holbæk, Denmark

    Bo Abrahamsen

  6. Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Winsløwparken 9, 5000, Odense C, Denmark

    Bo Abrahamsen

Authors
  1. Jakob Starup-Linde
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  2. Morten Frost
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  3. Peter Vestergaard
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  4. Bo Abrahamsen
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bo Abrahamsen.

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Conflict of interest

Bo Abrahamsen reports current institutional research grants and contracts with Novartis and UCB, past institutional research contracts with Amgen and NPS Pharmaceuticals. Jakob Starup-Linde, Morten Frost, Peter Vestergaard declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Starup-Linde, J., Frost, M., Vestergaard, P. et al. Epidemiology of Fractures in Diabetes. Calcif Tissue Int 100, 109–121 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0175-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0175-x

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