Research news from ADA 2019

Findings from an observational cohort study suggest that a blood pressure target of 120/80 mmHg may be needed for effective prevention of coronary artery disease in people with type 1 diabetes.

People who achieved sustained remission of type 2 diabetes via substantial weight loss in the DiRECT trial regained normal maximal beta-cell capacity, the investigators report.

Research presented at the 79th ADA Scientific Sessions in San Francisco, California, USA, suggests that high-intensity exercise can partially restore counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia in people with impaired awareness of the condition.

Researchers report that having type 1 diabetes may affect children’s brain growth and cognitive development, with persistent hyperglycemia the most likely culprit.

Detailed analysis of renal outcomes in the DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial confirms that treatment with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin is renoprotective in patients with type 2 diabetes and preserved kidney function.

Canagliflozin reduces the risk for major cardiovascular events and kidney failure versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease with and without a known history of cardiovascular disease, CREDENCE study data show.

Secondary data from the CARMELINA trial, presented at the 79th ADA Scientific Sessions in San Francisco, California, USA, confirm the positive primary cardiovascular and renal safety findings, this time in particularly high-risk patients.

The PIONEER 6 trial demonstrates the noninferior cardiovascular safety profile of oral semaglutide compared with placebo, but fails to demonstrate superiority, despite an overall positive trend and significance for cardiovascular death.

The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin and the sulfonylurea glimepiride have similar cardiovascular safety profiles, show the results of the CAROLINA trial.

Most hypoglycemia outcomes measured by real-time continuous glucose monitoring can be used to predict future severe hypoglycemia in people with type 1 diabetes, with similar levels of accuracy, study findings indicate.

Young people who deliberately omit insulin to either lose weight or prevent weight gain report worse psychosocial functioning, particularly depressive symptoms, than those who have never skipped a dose for this reason, study data show.

Dasiglucagon has potential as a fast, effective treatment for severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes, show phase III study data presented at the 79th ADA Scientific Sessions in San Francisco, California, USA.

Diabetes distress is more common than depression in adolescents with diabetes and is significantly associated with less frequent blood glucose monitoring and higher glycated hemoglobin levels, study findings indicate.

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide has demonstrated significant cardioprotection in the REWIND trial, despite the trial population being lower risk than usual for cardiovascular outcome trials.

Shared medical appointments may help adolescents with type 1 diabetes to reduce family conflict and improve their depressive symptoms, show data presented at the 79th ADA Scientific Sessions in San Francisco, California, USA.

Intensive antidiabetic treatment in adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes slows the decline in beta-cell function, but this is not sustained after the treatment is stopped, show the results of the RISE adult medication study.

Oral semaglutide significantly reduces glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight versus placebo in people with type 2 diabetes that is poorly controlled on insulin, results of the PIONEER 8 study show.

Phase II findings show that the immunotherapy teplizumab significantly prolongs the time until people at very high risk for developing type 1 diabetes are diagnosed with the condition.

Older people starting treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors have a lower risk for hospitalization for heart failure than those starting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, research shows.

The PIONEER 5 and 7 trials show the efficacy of oral semaglutide in people with moderate renal impairment and the potential for a flexible dosing regimen.